Intel顯示卡及晶片資訊. *在終端機下使用(不使用X視窗)，請參閱[Uvesafb](/index.php/Uvesafb "Uvesafb").*
## Contents
* [1 前言](#.E5.89.8D.E8.A8.80)
* [1.1 模組](#.E6.A8.A1.E7.B5.84)
* [1.2 驅動程式](#.E9.A9.85.E5.8B.95.E7.A8.8B.E5.BC.8F)
* [2 安裝](#.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.9D)
* [3 配置](#.E9.85.8D.E7.BD.AE)
* [4 KMS (核心模式設定)](#KMS_.28.E6.A0.B8.E5.BF.83.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F.E8.A8.AD.E5.AE.9A.29)
* [4.1 其他](#.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96)
* [5 提示與技巧 (翻譯中)](#.E6.8F.90.E7.A4.BA.E8.88.87.E6.8A.80.E5.B7.A7_.28.E7.BF.BB.E8.AD.AF.E4.B8.AD.29)
* [5.1 Setting scaling mode](#Setting_scaling_mode)
* [5.2 Workaround for bug with opening laptop lid](#Workaround_for_bug_with_opening_laptop_lid)
* [5.2.1 Solution #1](#Solution_.231)
* [5.2.2 Solution #2](#Solution_.232)
* [5.3 KMS Issue: console is limited to small area](#KMS_Issue:_console_is_limited_to_small_area)
## 前言
自從 Intel 提供並支援開源驅動後，Intel的顯示卡現在已能隨插即用。
### 模組
一般常把"Intel 945G"和"Intel GMA 945"視為相同的顯示晶片。 實際上，"intel GMA 945"並不存在。Intel使用"GMA"代表繪圖核心，即GPU。 任何不含"GMA"的都是**主機板晶片**，像"915G","945GM","G45"都屬主機板晶片。
常見的繪圖核心與其對應的主機板晶片如下：
* Intel GMA 900 (910, 915)
* Intel GMA 950 (945)
"i810"(主機板晶片，非GPU)是非常舊的晶片，其製造時間比9xx主機板晶片系列還早。相同的，910, 915, 945晶片的名字可能會在前面加個"i"
列表詳見[Intel_GMA表](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA#Table_of_GMA_graphics_cores_and_chipsets "wikipedia:Intel GMA")
### 驅動程式
* intel (最新且最佳的)
* intel-legacy (過時的，無法與新的 xorg-server 相容)
強烈建議優先使用較新的驅動程式。
## 安裝
前罝套件： [Xorg](/index.php/Xorg "Xorg")
執行
```
# pacman -S xf86-video-intel
```
或
```
# pacman -S xf86-video-intel-legacy
```
## 配置
當有安裝 HAL 套件時, 便無須任何的配置即可使用。 更多資訊請參閱[Xorg input hotplugging](/index.php/Xorg_input_hotplugging "Xorg input hotplugging")
但請記得把你的使用者加入對應的群組：
```
# gpasswd -a *username* video
```
## KMS (核心模式設定)
[KMS](/index.php/KMS "KMS")以藉由 i915 DRM 驅動程式來支援Intel的晶片，同時核心版本2.6.32預設為啟用。自xf86-video-intel 2.10版本開始[強制啟用 KMS](https://www.archlinux.org/news/484/)。KMS通常是在核心被啟動(bootstrapped)後才被初始化。但也可以在核心啟動時就啟用 KMS，讓整個開機流程運作在原生(native)解析度之下。
**注意**：在啟動KMS的狀況下，你*必須*從/boot/grub/menu.lst的核心命令列中移除任何 "vga=" or "video=" 參數值。
把 /etc/mkinitcpio.conf 的 MODULES="[...]" 中加入 `intel_agp` 和 `i915` 模組：
```
MODULES="**intel_agp i915**"
```
再重建 initramfs：
```
# mkinitcpio -p linux
```
如果你想要停用 KMS，不需要重建任何東西，只要編輯[GRUB](/index.php/GRUB "GRUB")的 `/boot/grub/menu.lst` 在kernel的參數列加入 **i915.modeset=0**. See [kernel parameters](/index.php/Kernel_parameters "Kernel parameters").
如果你想要停用 KMS 而不需編輯menu.lst，你可以在開機看到grub選單時，按下任何鍵使其停止倒數，在欲修改的選單項目前按"e"去編輯。然後再選取"kernel"列，再壓"e"後加入"**i915.modeset=0**"。改完之後，按"enter"確認，再按"b"即可以停用KMS方式啟動核心。切記這方法只適用於單次暫時停用KMS，之後再開機KMS仍會設為啟用。需要永久性設為停用請修改`/boot/grub/menu.lst`。
### 其他
* [KMS](/index.php/KMS "KMS") - Arch wiki article on kernel mode setting
* Arch Linux forums: [HOWTO: Enable KMS with the stock 2.6.29-ARCH kernel](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=69083)
* Arch Linux forums: [Intel 945GM, Xorg, Kernel - performance](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=522665#p522665)
## 提示與技巧 (翻譯中)
### Setting scaling mode
This can be useful for some full screen applications.
```
xrandr --output LVDS1 --set PANEL_FITTING param
```
where param can be
* center: resolution will be kept exactly as defined, no scaling will be made,
* full: scale the resolution so it uses the entire screen or
* full_aspect: scale the resolution to the maximum possible but keep the aspect ratio.
If it does not work, you can try
```
xrandr --output LVDS1 --set "scaling mode" param
```
where param is one of "Full", "Center" or "Full aspect".
### Workaround for bug with opening laptop lid
#### Solution #1
On laptops with Intel video chip you can face the issue with not working X display after you close lid to make the machine suspend and than open it back. See bug [https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=24970](https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=24970) for more details.
Here is a way to work it around. The recipe is based on similar one from Fedora "Common bugs" page: [https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Common_F12_bugs#Display_cannot_be_reactivated_if_it_enters_sleep_mode_with_laptop_lid_closed](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Common_F12_bugs#Display_cannot_be_reactivated_if_it_enters_sleep_mode_with_laptop_lid_closed)
**Note:** This workaround will work only in single-user system, you can make it work for multiple users by adding procedure of checking which user put machine to suspend state.
Install acpid:
`pacman -S acpid`
After that place acpid before hal in DAEMONS section of your `/etc/rc.conf` file.
Than create a file `/etc/acpi/actions/reset-display.sh` with the following contents:
```
#!/bin/bash
PATH="/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin"
export DISPLAY=:0.0
sleep 10
if grep open /proc/acpi/button/lid/LID/state
then
su "$(getent passwd $UID | cut -d: -f1)" -c "xrandr --output LVDS1 --off"
su "$(getent passwd $UID | cut -d: -f1)" -c "xrandr --output LVDS1 --auto"
fi
```
where $UID is UID of the user who put laptop to suspend mode (you). The main difference from original Fedora method is sleep operator usage. Without it the lid button state will not be updated by the moment it checking by `reset-display.sh` script, in some cases smaller delay (for example 3 seconds) will work when running on AC power and will not work with battery power, 10 seconds works always. Do not forget to make the script executable:
```
#chmod +x /etc/acpi/actions/reset-display.sh
```
Than we need to assign the action to LID switch event. Add the following line to `/etc/acpi/handler.sh` file under button/lid) code:
```
/etc/acpi/actions/reset-display.sh
```
Now you can reboot your laptop or just restart daemons in the following order:
```
#/etc/rc.d/hal stop
#/etc/rc.d/acpid start
#/etc/rc.d/hal start
```
#### Solution #2
An easier, less reliable workaround is to simply re-suspend the computer and wake it again. This will often correct the glitch and return the X desktop to a working state.
### KMS Issue: console is limited to small area
One of the low-resolution video ports may be enabled on boot which is causing the terminal to utilize a small area of the screen. To fix, explicitly disable the port with an i915 module setting. For example, add the following to the end of the kernel line in /boot/grub/menu.lst:
```
video=SVIDEO-1:d
```
If that doesn't work, you may also try disabling TV1 or VGA1 instead of SVIDEO-1.